The two superconducting gaps have been observed for CsV₃Sb₅ material.
A charge density wave (CDW) is a state where the electron density in a material forms a periodic pattern instead of being uniform. This happens because of electron-phonon interactions, where electrons couple with vibrations in the crystal lattice.
As per CDW in CsV₃Sb₅, electron density and lattice distortions repeat every two unit cells in different directions.
Ginzburg-Landau Theory, Tinkham Model were used here.
In a conventional superconductor, the energy gap is uniform, meaning all Cooper pairs have the same energy. In a nodal superconductor, the superconducting gap has zero-energy points (nodes) where quasiparticles can exist even in the superconducting state.
The charge order changes the natural symmetry of the kagome lattice from having six-fold rotational symmetry to only two-fold symmetry. When a magnetic field is rotated within the plane of the material, the upper critical field also follows a two-fold pattern. The superconducting state itself has become nematic, meaning different along different directions-not uniform.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.15333
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