By using a convolutional neural network (CNN) researchers develop a method to calculate the Fried parameter with high accuracy using just one frame from a wavefront sensor (WFS), either Shack-Hartmann or Pyramid type.
Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor (SH-WFS) is used in Adaptive optics systems, to capture the incoming wavefront and convert it into an intensity image. SH-WFS consists of an array of micro-lenses, each focusing a small portion of the wavefront onto a spot on an image sensor.
The displacement of these spots from the centre of each sub-aperture is proportional to the local wavefront gradient.
In Pyramid wavefront sensor (Py-WFS), a pyramid-shaped optical prism placed at the focal plane to split the incoming wavefront into four separate images, each sampling a different quadrant of the focal plane.
Fried parameter, r0, measures the strength of atmospheric turbulence. Cn^2(h) is atmospheric refractive index structure constant at h height.
Source :https://arxiv.org/html/2504.17029v1
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