Parker Solar Probe(PSP) has discovered the prevalence of switchbacks (SBs)-switchbacks are sudden reversals in the magnetic field in the solar wind. The researchers used the Adaptively Refined Magnetohydrodynamics Solver (ARMS) method.
Solar wind velocity has a similar behavior characterised by a logarithmic dependence, approximately resembling ln(r)^½.
Mass density, magnetic field decrease as radius increases. Alfvén Velocity (velocity of propagation of Alfvén waves in the direction of the magnetic field) for low plasma beta increases with radius and then decreases. Low plasma beta means that magnetic pressure is dominant over thermal pressure in a plasma.
Magnetic Energy Initially increases, Later decreases with time. The imposed clockwise flow
induces a counter-clockwise twist to the closed magnetic field lines, boosts the total field strength and reduces the pressure. This behaviour explains the magnetic energy’s upward trend and the internal energy’s decline. Gravitational Energy gradually increases.
Photospheric flow, tangential velocity vb, depends on the gradient of the radial magnetic field, Br, and is given by
Source: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2024/12/aa52019-24/aa52019-24.html
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