TOI-7510, a star hosting three transiting giant planets. The planets orbit every 11.5, 22.6, and 48.9 days, forming a near 4:2:1 Laplace resonance chain. Their orbital periods are strongly gravitationally connected. Using transit timing variations and photodynamical modeling, the authors estimate that the planets are large- Jupiter sized but with different densities, an inner planet that is unusually low-density.
Photodynamical modeling: The researchers combine gravity-based orbital simulations and transit light-curve analysis into one unified model.
Transit-timing variations (TTVs):in multi-planet systems, a planet does not pass in front of its star at perfectly regular intervals, because gravity from other nearby planets slightly speeds up or slows down its orbit. By measuring these small timing changes, astronomers can determine how strongly the planets interact, estimate their masses, and understand their orbital shapes.
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