The Kepler light curve is basically a graph of a star’s brightness over time measured by the Kepler space telescope.
Below equation is the light curve of an exocomet transit, describing how the star’s brightness changes over time due to the comet passing in front of it.
K → depth factor of the transit (how strong the dimming is)
β → rate of exponential change (how fast the brightness decreases or recovers)
After t1 brightness slowly returns to normal as the comet tail passes.
They used the Adam optimization algorithm to minimize the cross-entropy error function for the classification of the light curves and the mean absolute error function for the position of the transit.
Cross-entropy is a way to measure how different two probability distributions are. Adam (Adaptive Moment Estimation) is an improved version of regular gradient descent that helps the model learn faster.
https://arxiv.org/html/2510.14687v1
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