As per recent study, The column shaped convection flow mechanism causes jovian planets to have eastward (superrotation) or westward (subrotation) winds. As per bifurcation,the atmosphere can stably settle into either situation.
In superrotation the equatorial region rotates faster than the planet itself (in Jupiter, Saturn). Column flow tilts outward so transfers momentum outward. While in subrotation the equatorial region rotates slower than the planet itself, or even in the opposite direction (in Uranus and Neptune). Column flow tilt inward so transfer momentum inward.
The small Rossby number indicates rotation(coriolis effect) dominates over inertia and convective columns form.
Source: https://arxiv.org/html/2510.08020v1#Sx2.F4
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