In recent article, brightness (flux) of the target star and the reference stars has been measured as analog digital units (ADU).
The duration of a planetary orbit
𝑅𝑠 is the star radius, 𝑅𝑝 is the planet radius, 𝑀𝑠 is the star mass, 𝑀𝑝 is the planet mass, 𝐺 is the gravitational constant, a is the planetary orbital semi-major axis, e is the planetary orbital eccentricity, i is the planet inclination.
Depth of a planetary transit is the amount by which the light from a star dims when a planet passes in front of it. It is measured as a percentage or fraction of the total light blocked by the planet during the transit.
L is luminosity, Depth of transit is obtained by
If the radius of the star is known (from the spectral classification), 𝑅𝑝 can be obtained from Equation
If the orbital period 𝑃 and the mass of the star 𝑀⊙ are also known, the orbital semi-major axis a can be obtained from Kepler’s third law, and therefore the duration of the transit can be obtained.
From above equation latitude of the transit on the star, 𝛿, is calculated.
Traditional radial velocity is measured based on shifts of wavelength at which a star moves toward or away from Earth, which indirectly gives information about an orbiting planet's mass and orbit. But Synthetic radial velocity is used to calculate mass from the radius using the forecaster model. In this model, Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine radius and mass.
Source: https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.07425
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